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Annual leave in Malaysia
Parental leave in Malaysia
Adoption leave in Malaysia
Other leave types in Malaysia
Public holidays in Malaysia
Safeguard your employees and business in Malaysia
Leave and time off in Malaysia
When managing employees in Malaysia, understanding the various types of time off available is crucial for ensuring compliance and maintaining employee satisfaction. Time off entitlements in Malaysia includes a combination of statutory and non-statutory leaves, all of which must be clearly outlined in a company leave policy.
Statutory leaves, such as annual leave, are governed by the Employment Act 1955. Employees with less than two years of service are entitled to a minimum of 8 days of annual leave, while those with more than 5 years of service receive up to 16 days. Parental leave, including maternity and adoption leave, is also part of Malaysia’s time off policy. Maternity leave is typically 60 days, while adoption leave may vary, though it is generally at least 60 days, with full salary for the first 30 days. Parental leave allows employees to bond with their child and is an essential part of employee well-being.
In addition to statutory leave, non-statutory leave types are also important to consider. These may include sick leave in Malaysia, compassionate leave, marriage leave, unpaid leave, and study leave. These types of leave are often offered by employers to enhance employee engagement and overall satisfaction. For example, compassionate leave allows employees time off to grieve the loss of a close family member, while marriage leave offers time off for weddings.
Employers should ensure they have a clear and comprehensive time off policy in Malaysia to maintain compliance with legal requirements and create a positive workplace culture. By offering a well-rounded approach to leave, companies can attract and retain talented employees while supporting their personal needs.
Annual leave in Malaysia
Paid time off is an important aspect of employment in Malaysia, and annual leave is a core component of that. Employees expect to be given adequate rest days as part of their overall compensation, and failing to meet this expectation can affect morale and retention. To avoid misunderstandings and remain compliant with local regulations, employers must understand how annual leave in Malaysia is structured and applied.
Annual leave entitlement in Malaysia
Minimum annual leave entitlement in Malaysia is determined by the Employment Act 1955 and is based on the employee’s length of service:
- Less than 2 years of service: 8 days per year.
- 2 to 5 years of service: 12 days per year.
- More than 5 years of service: 16 days per year.
These minimum entitlements apply to employees working under a contract of service, including both full-time and part-time workers. It is common for employers to offer more generous leave allowances as part of competitive benefits packages, particularly in industries where talent retention is a priority.
Leave is usually accrued based on the calendar year, from January to December. For new hires or employees who leave mid-year, leave is pro-rated based on the number of completed months of service.
Annual leave rules in Malaysia
There are specific annual leave rules in Malaysia that employers should note. Employees must take their annual leave within 12 months of earning it. Unused leave that goes beyond this period may be forfeited, unless otherwise agreed upon in the employment contract.
In practice, many organisations allow employees to carry forward a limited number of unused leave days, typically up to the first quarter of the following year. However, this is at the discretion of the employer and must be clearly communicated through leave policies.
The annual leave definition in Malaysia strictly refers to paid days off for rest and personal time, exclusive of public holidays and other types of leave such as sick leave or maternity leave.
Employers should ensure their leave policies are clearly documented and shared with all staff, especially where entitlements exceed the legal minimum. Doing so not only promotes transparency but also supports a healthier, more engaged workforce.
Parental leave in Malaysia
Parental leave policies in Malaysia are guided by legislation and company practices, and they continue to evolve to support working parents. Both maternity and paternity leave are now statutory entitlements under the Employment Act 1955. However, there is currently no legal provision for shared or extended parental leave in Malaysia, so it is important for employers to understand what is required by law and what additional benefits they might offer to attract and retain talent.
Maternity leave in Malaysia
Under the Employment Act 1955, female employees are entitled to 98 consecutive days of fully paid maternity leave. The leave period can begin no earlier than 30 days before the expected delivery date. This statutory maternity leave in Malaysia applies only to the employee’s first five surviving children.
A woman may return to work before the end of the 98-day period if she obtains her employer’s consent and is certified fit to work by a registered medical practitioner. Employers are prohibited from terminating a female employee during her maternity leave except under specific legal grounds.
Malaysia’s maternity leave rules ensures that employees covered under the Act, generally those earning up to 4,000 MYR per month or engaged in manual labour, receive this entitlement. However, many employers extend this benefit to all employees regardless of salary or job category, as part of a broader employee benefits programme.
Paternity leave in Malaysia
As of 2023, statutory paternity leave in Malaysia entitles married male employees to seven consecutive days of paid leave per birth. To qualify, the employee must have at least 12 months of continuous service with the same employer, and he must notify his employer at least 30 days before the expected delivery date.
The paternity leave entitlement under Malaysia’s Employment Act applies regardless of whether the employee is on probation. However, employers are encouraged to clarify leave policies for probationary employees in their contracts and handbooks.
Additional time off for parents in Malaysia
Currently, there is no legal requirement for additional parental leave in Malaysia, such as shared or extended leave between parents. However, some companies voluntarily provide additional benefits like unpaid parental leave, childcare leave, or even flexible working arrangements for new parents.
Employers aiming to position themselves as family-friendly workplaces may find it worthwhile to offer these supplementary benefits. Doing so not only supports employee well-being but also contributes to retention and morale in the long term.
While statutory entitlements set the minimum benchmark, companies that go beyond compliance in areas like maternity leave, paternity leave, and broader family policies often stand out in a competitive job market.
Adoption leave in Malaysia
While parental leave in Malaysia is primarily framed around maternity and paternity entitlements, employers should also be aware of adoption leave in the country and how it supports employees building families through adoption. Though not explicitly regulated under the Employment Act 1955, adoption leave is increasingly being included in company policies, especially within multinational organisations and progressive local firms.
In general, adoption leave grants eligible employees time off to care for and bond with their adopted child. Policies vary by employer, but it is common to see at least 60 days of leave granted for child adoption in Malaysia leave. Typically, employees receive full salary for the first 30 days, while the remainder of the leave may be either unpaid or paid at a reduced rate, depending on the company’s internal policy or any applicable collective agreement.
Eligibility often requires a minimum period of continuous employment. Companies may also request documentation of the adoption process, in line with Malaysia’s adoption law, to process the leave request.
Although Malaysia does not currently mandate adoption leave under national legislation, providing such leave is an important step in aligning workplace policies with the evolving needs of modern families. It helps create a more inclusive and supportive work environment, while also reinforcing an employer’s commitment to employee wellbeing.
To remain competitive and compassionate, Malaysian employers are encouraged to formalise their adoption leave policies and communicate them clearly. Doing so not only supports employees during a significant life transition but also contributes to higher levels of retention and job satisfaction.
Employers unsure how to structure adoption-related leave can benefit from working with experts like CXC, who can help design compliant and compassionate policies aligned with global best practices.
Other leave types in Malaysia
Paid time off isn’t limited to annual or parental leave. Employers in Malaysia often offer a range of other leave types to support employee wellbeing, respond to personal events, and enhance overall job satisfaction. While some of these leave types are mandatory under Malaysian law, others are discretionary and vary between organisations. Familiarity with different kinds of leave in Malaysia can help employers build a more supportive and competitive work environment.
Sick leave in Malaysia
Employees are entitled to paid sick leave in Malaysia if certified by a registered medical practitioner. The Employment Act 1955 sets out the statutory entitlement as follows:
- Less than 2 years of service: 14 days per calendar year.
- 2 to 5 years of service: 18 days per calendar year.
- More than 5 years of service: 22 days per calendar year.
This entitlement applies only if hospitalisation is not necessary. If hospitalisation is required, employees are entitled to up to 60 days of paid sick leave, inclusive of ordinary sick leave.
Medical and hospitalisation leave in Malaysia
Beyond standard sick leave, medical leave in Malaysia also covers hospitalisation. Hospitalisation leave is granted when a doctor determines the employee needs inpatient treatment or extended medical supervision. The total number of paid sick and hospitalisation days combined may not exceed 60 days in a year.
Employers are encouraged to ensure that employees know their entitlements and that policies are communicated clearly.
Marriage leave in Malaysia
While not required by law, marriage leave in Malaysia is a popular discretionary benefit. Employers typically offer between 1 to 3 days of paid leave for an employee’s wedding. Some also extend it to weddings of close family members. These policies depend on company guidelines and should be outlined in employment contracts or handbooks.
Bereavement leave in Malaysia
In Malaysia, bereavement leave entitlement is not covered under statutory law, but many employers offer compassionate leave entitlement for the death of close family members. This typically ranges from 2 to 5 days of paid leave. Relationships covered often include parents, siblings, spouses, or children, though some employers may include extended family depending on the situation.
Other additional leave types in Malaysia
In addition to the above, Malaysian employers frequently offer other types of leave to support employee needs. These are not required under the Employment Act but are increasingly common in competitive benefits packages:
- Compulsory leave: Employers may require staff to use their annual leave during company shutdowns or festive seasons.
- Compensation leave: Offered when employees work on public holidays or rest days. Also known as replacement leave, this compensates employees with another paid day off.
- Hajj leave: Muslim employees may be granted 30–40 days of unpaid or partially paid leave to perform the pilgrimage. This is not mandated by law but is a widely respected benefit.
- Emergency leave: Granted for urgent personal matters. Usually deducted from annual leave.
- Unpaid leave: Permits time off without salary, often used when statutory or contractual leave has been exhausted.
- Birthday leave: Some employers offer a paid day off on or around the employee’s birthday.
- Childcare leave: Time off to care for a sick child or attend to school-related needs. Commonly included in progressive HR policies.
- Study leave: Encourages professional development by allowing time off for exams, coursework, or training.
Offering these types of leave in Malaysia can help employers attract and retain top talent, while also promoting a more balanced and humane workplace culture.
Public holidays in Malaysia
Public holidays are a significant part of the work culture in Malaysia. These holidays are designated by the government and are either observed nationwide or specific to certain regions. For employers, being familiar with the public holidays in Malaysia is key to managing work schedules, employee benefits, and compliance with the country’s labour laws. This article outlines the national and regional holidays in Malaysia and provides insights into holiday entitlements for your employees.
National public holidays in Malaysia
In Malaysia, certain holidays are recognised nationwide, meaning all employees, regardless of their location, are entitled to observe these days. These holidays typically include cultural, religious, and national celebrations that reflect the country’s diverse traditions.
1 January
New Year's Day (National except Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis & Terengganu).
29 January
Chinese New Year.
30 january
Chinese New Year Holiday.
1 February
Federal Territory Day (Kuala Lumpur, Labuan & Putrajaya).
11 February
Thaipusam (Johor, Kedah, Kuala Lumpur, Negeri Sembilan, Penang, Perak, Putrajaya & Selangor).
1 May
Labour Day.
12 May
Wesak Day.
31 May
Harvest Festival (Labuan & Sabah).
7 June
Hari Raya Haji.
3 August
Merdeka Day.
1 September
Merdeka Day Holiday (National except Kedah, Kelantan & Terengganu).
5 September
Prophet Muhammad's Birthday.
16 September
Malaysia Day.
20 October
Deepavali (National except Sarawak).
25 December
Christmas Day.
These Malaysia public holidays are the most recognised nationwide. Employees typically enjoy paid leave on these days. Employers must ensure they provide the relevant paid public holiday leave to all employees, adhering to the country’s labour policies.
Regional public holidays in Malaysia
In addition to the national public holidays, certain holidays are specific to particular regions or states. These holidays may commemorate local cultural events, birthdays of regional leaders, or other significant events specific to that state.
14 January
YDPB Negeri Sembilan's Birthday (Negeri Sembilan).
27 January
Israk and Mikraj (Kedah, Negeri Sembilan, Perlis & Terengganu).
3 March
Awal Ramadan Holiday (Johor).
4 March
Installation of Sultan Terengganu (Terengganu).
18 March
Nuzul Al-Quran (National except Johor, Kedah, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Sabah & Sarawak).
23 March
Sultan of Johor's Birthday (Johor).
30 March
Hari Raya Aidilfitri Holiday (Kedah, Kelantan & Terengganu).
1 April
Hari Raya Aidilfitri Holiday (Melaka).
18 April
Good Friday (Sabah & Sarawak).
17 May
Raja Perlis' Birthday (Perlis).
22 May
Hari Hol Pahang (Pahang).
1 June
Hari Gawai (Sarawak).
2 June
Hari Gawai Holiday (Sarawak).
6 June
Arafat Day (Kelantan & Terengganu).
8 June
Hari Raya Haji Holiday (Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis & Terengganu).
9 June
Hari Raya Haji Holiday (Kelantan, Perlis & Terengganu).
22 June
Sultan of Kedah's Birthday (Kedah).
7 July
Georgetown World Heritage City Day (Penang).
12 July
Penang Governor's Birthday (Penang).
22 July
Sarawak Day (Sarawak).
30 July
Sultan of Pahang's Birthday (Pahang).
31 July
Hari Hol Almarhum Sultan Iskandar (Johor).
24 August
Melaka Governor's Birthday (Melaka).
25 August
Melaka Governor's Birthday Holiday (Melaka).
29 September
Sultan of Kelantan's Birthday (Kelantan).
30 September
Sultan of Kelantan's Birthday Holiday (Kelantan).
11 October
Sarawak Governor's Birthday (Sarawak).
7 November
Sultan of Perak's Birthday (Perak).
11 December
Sultan of Selangor's Birthday (Selangor).
Malaysia’s public holidays can vary significantly from state to state, and it is crucial for employers to stay informed about these regional differences. Employees working in certain states are entitled to observe the holidays specific to that region. It is important to note that if an employee is asked to work on a regional public holiday, they may be entitled to compensation, depending on their employment agreement and the nature of the work.
Employers should consult Malaysia’s public holiday list annually to stay updated on these holidays, which may change due to local customs or special proclamations.
Paid public holidays in Malaysia
Under Malaysia’s Employment Act 1955, employees are entitled to paid leave for public holidays that fall on days they would typically work. If an employee is required to work on a public holiday, they should be compensated with a substitute day off or receive double the daily rate of pay, depending on their contract terms.
Knowing Malaysia’s total number of public holiday entitlements and understanding which holidays are observed nationwide versus regionally ensures that employers stay compliant with local regulations and help employees maintain a healthy work-life balance.
Safeguard your employees and business in Malaysia
As an employer in Malaysia, it is crucial to understand your employees’ rights and entitlements under local labour laws. However, keeping up with the constantly evolving regulations can be challenging.
When you partner with CXC, we ensure that your employment engagements comply with all local and national labour laws and regulations. This way, your employees will receive the benefits they are entitled to, and your business will be protected from potential risks.
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